BUSINESS STRATEGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS STRATEGY - Essay Example The SWOT analysis indicates how the firm can use these forces for sustainable competitive advantage. The five forces are the entry of competitors, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry amongst the current players in the field. New entrants have to consider government rules and regulations, although most of the times they enjoy certain benefits like tax holiday for a specified period. The SWOT analysis of these five forces help them to identify the capital investment and the whether the costs would justify the right amount of turnover. Brand extension strategy keeps the marketing costs low and the chances of success are high. Vodafone, the UK based mobile phone company decided to enter the US market, they made a very strategic move. To keep the market penetration cost low, they acquired the US firm AirTouch at an investment of  £112bn. They had studied the bargaining powers of the buyers. Acquisition of an existing firm immediately gave them all the customers without having to make a fresh start. The market penetration period reduces and prevents in the number of competitors in the market. Entry barriers like government licenses are also overcome. While these five forces help in studying the competition, buyers, suppliers and the general market trend, it has limitations. Porter’s five forces model does not indicate whether an industry could be attractive because certain companies are in it. Besides, the environment changes very rapidly and it may not be possible to change the strategy as fast by using the five forces model. Most importantly, by using this model, one may concentrate on an existing market but a new market may have better prospects. The Value Chain framework of Michael Porter is a model that helps to analyze specific activities through which firms can create value and

Do the Environmentalist Overstated Their Case Essay Example for Free

Do the Environmentalist Overstated Their Case Essay From this article you will see that environmentalists are concern about the environmental catastrophe. Some of them claimed that world was in danger and we shouldn’t neglect about this issue. But Lomborg opposed in his article that the environmentalist have been overstated from the real situation. The author said that some of environmental organizations are using only selective information and also distort the truth. Also from the author research evidence shown that environment is in good condition In my opinion, l agreed with Lomborg that some organization overstate their case. Also one of the word he wrote in his article that â€Å"thing was better now but they are still not good enough†. It is true that nowadays we have more food per person than we need. In contrast food are in increasing in slow rate while the rate of population continue rising. If we don’t control the rate of child‘s birth. Moreover in my point of view the state that fewer people are starving is not true. Because nowadays there are a lot of people in the world suffer from malnutrition. Owning to quality of land, soil and fertility is important for production process but now in response to the increase using of pesticides. Also about deforestation even it is true as research said that globally forest has been reduced in very small portions even so we shouldn’t loss even more forest because forest is the most important resource for living things. Forest is not only providing valuable products but they also keep ecosystem in balance. They reduce problem about air pollution. So why don’t we trying to protect and increase in the forest. Last issue is about global warming. This is a long-term problem. It is true that doomsday not going to happened soon but if we keep ignoring about this issue. This might chase up global warming to happen faster. So for me it is time to concern about environment and plan for our next generation. Because as you see nowadays each of person prefer a high standard of living. But if we serve everybody demand the supply of environment resources must be lower and lower. This is the proper time to care about our earth use the environment resource in economize and benefit ways. Then the story that many environmental organizations keep telling us will not happen in the nearly future like them expected.

Political and economic environment of South Africa

Political and economic environment of South Africa South Africa is a multiparty parliamentary democracy in which constitutional power is shared between the president and the Parliament. The Parliament includes two parts, the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces. They are in charge for creating the laws of and taking care of bills involving monetary issues. The third governmental division is an autonomous judiciary. The Constitutional Court is the highest court for interpreting and deciding constitutional issues, while the Supreme Court of Appeal is the highest court for nonconstitutional matters (Bureau of African Affairs, 2010). South Africa achieved independence from Britain on 31 May, 1910 and the official Independence Day is 27th April. In 1994, there was first all-race multiparty election making it the formal end of apartheid. In 2009, the ruling African National Congress (ANC) won its third consecutive election and Jacob Zuma was elected President. There has been a concern that the dominance of the ANC has made South Africa a de-facto one-party state with other parties, such as Democratic Alliance (DA) and Congress of the People (COPE) being in the opposition. President Zumas rise to power has been divisive. Zumas reputation has been stained by several issues, such as accusations for corruption and sexual abuse, which provoked his discharge as Deputy President in 2005. There are still issues concerning Zuma which include his setback in declaring his commercial interests and extra-marital affairs. Zuma was brought to power with a support of two ruling partners powerful Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. The Zuma administration has mainly remained to the previous administrations economic policies. Nevertheless, there are still ideological tensions within the ANC and among the ANC and its ruling partners. South Africa continues to have broad economic and political relations with the regional and international community that will likely offer a degree of stability. South Africas successful hosting of the World Cup of soccer in June-July was viewed as a coming-out party of sorts for South Africa on the international stage (Whelan, n.d.). Based on the recent political situation in South Africa there are certain challenges ahead. There have been notable transformations in the country after the apartheid period such as programs to develop necessary social services, wide spreading the right to use improved chances in education and business. However, the process of transformation of South Africa is long and requires the persistent dedication of the leaders and people. One of the main contributors in the reconciliation process is The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) that is taking care of abuses of human rights during apartheid era, provide victims with compensation and gives amnesty to those who committed politically motivated crimes. TRC often conflicts with political, economic and cultural interests of different groups of South Africas people. The challenge for the government to balance these confrontations and manage agreements on the basic questions will remain a critical challenge (Bureau of African Affairs, 2010). Even though South African economy is in many areas highly developed, the nature of apartheid caused the countrys international isolation until the 1990s that has left major disadvantages. The economy is in a course of change as the government attempts to manage the inequities of apartheid, encourage growth, and create employment opportunities. Nowadays business in the country is becoming more integrated internationally, and foreign investments have increased. However, the economic inconsistency among population groups is projected to continue for many years, making it a main concern for the government. Economic Environment The economy of South Africa has two sides: one is developed and the other one with most basic infrastructure. Countrys economy has many characteristics of the economies in developing countries, such as separation of labor among formal and informal sectors, irregular distribution of wealth and income. South African government has demonstrated its dedication to open markets, privatization, and a favorable investment climate through the release of a Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy that took place in the period from 1996 to 2000. The results were with various successes. First of all, it achieved greater financial discipline and macroeconomic stability; however it failed to deliver these achievements in main areas. Unemployment continued to rise even after continuing programs of black empowerment. Countrys wealth still remains unequally distributed among racial lines. Second, several budgetary reforms that aimed to provide better reporting, auditing and accountability, and changes in monetary policy in terms of inflation targeting, allowed South Africa to have transparency and predictability that are highly-praised. Third, the process of trade liberalization has progressed significantly since the early 1990s, which together with implementation of World Trade Orga nization (WTO) obligations and initiation of the Doha Development Round shows South Africas recognition of free market values. Today, economic recovery is on track. The fiscal position remains challenging, the forecasts for 2011 include sizable but manageable deficit. The government expects these shortfalls to gradually narrow due to a rebound in growth and slowdown in expenditure growth. International investors remain cautious of emerging markets due to events in Europe (Greece) and South Africa could fall out of favor should perceptions shift. So far, unemployment remains stuck at 25%, with employment gains only being registered in the public sector. The recovery is expected to remain on course and private sector demand should gradually gain force, thus replacing government as a growth driver. A stronger recovery will likely only take hold in 2012. Regardless of the various optimistic economic achievements since 1994, South Africa has had difficulties in attracting significant foreign direct investment. However, the situation started to change, in 2005 South Africa had the largest single FDI when Barclays acquired a majority share in local bank Absa Group Limited. In 2006, the deals between the British Vodafone and South Africas Vodacom were formed. Later on, in 2010, two multibillion dollar deals took place, when HSBC acquired Nedbank and Walmart acquired Shoprite Holdings (Wikipedia, 2010). For international and domestic investors, there are several investment opportunities existing in South Africa since the country is the world leader in several specialized manufacturing areas and it has fast growing service industry, tourism construction that will significant foreign investment over the next few years. On May 15, 2004, South Africa was honored a chance to hold the 2010 FIFA World Cup. That was the biggest event that was ever held in Africa. South Africa made a big effort on improving the infrastructure and security in the country. The economic impact of the World Cup is great for the country, since it will increase the GDP, create numerous jobs and attract foreign investments. South Africas longer-term prospects center on the governments ability to manage a country through a transitional period. Economic policy is generally business friendly, while FDI is welcomed. Success depends on the capability of the government to address the power issue. Social Environment Today there are 49,109,107 people living in the country. More or less half of the population lives in urban areas, and many live in rural areas with insufficient housing. In both rural and urban centers, a lot of people do not have access to water supply and sanitation, electricity, and other services. Due to the fact that population is more mobile today and there are more employment opportunities in the urban areas, the immigration among the citizens is growing rapidly. Poverty is the highest among the Black population, reaching over 60%. There have been several reforms in the education sector and now all inhabitants have access to education, however still around 13,6% of population are illiterate. Even though majority of people have access to health services, public establishments are usually lacking necessary resources and not capable to meet demands. South Africa has one of the highest rates of HIV occurrence in the world. Overall, 18,1% of the population is infected by this disease. Every day there are 1,000 new infections occurred, and around 350,000 people die annually from AIDS-related diseases. A 2007-2011 strategic plan offered the arrangement for a widespread reaction to HIV and AIDS, counting a national compress of antiretroviral therapy. Overall, 30% of infected people are currently on antiretroviral therapy. From the time when apartheid was abolished, political violence in South Africa has went down noticeably, however today violent crime is still a major concern in South Africa and these acts are increasingly economically rather than racially motivated. Therefore, there are many robberies targeting upper-class citizens. In 2008, due to the national dissatisfaction with high unemployment rates and illegal immigration, people from other African countries who came to urban cities of South Africa were often targeted by local citizens. In April 2010, Eugene TerreBlanche, a disreputable pro-Apartheid person, was killed by two of his black employees. This event raised concerns of inter-racial violence, however it did not happen. While South African society is experiencing a rapid change, some prejudice against women and people infected by HIV/AIDS continues (Bureau of African Affairs, 2010). Exchange rate policy South Africa has a strong financial structure with a great and active stock exchange that ranks 17th in the world in terms of total market capitalization. South Africa has a floating exchange rate system where the rand exchange rate is mainly established by the foreign exchange market forces under circumstances that exchange control is still applied, however only over inhabitants in terms of capital movements. The government has taken steps to slowly lessen lasting foreign exchange controls (Merwe, n.d.). Private citizens can do a single investment of up to 2,000,000 rand in offshore accounts. During 2007, the percentage of South African shareholdings for FDI outside Africa was decreased from 50% to 25%. This change allows South African companies to hold strategic international partnerships. Moreover, companies that are involved in international business were allowed to use a single Customer Foreign Currency (CFC) account for all intercontinental dealings. Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) was also given a permission to set up a rand currency futures market that aims to expand South Africas financial markets and raise liquidity in the local foreign exchange market. The Reserve Bank no longer recommends fixed rates for buying and selling dollars in bank transactions with the public. Nevertheless, South African Reserve Bank can play a part  in this market by buying or selling  other currencies. Today, in general the policy is to allow market forces to determine the exchange rate.   However, in latest years, however,  the Bank has been building up foreign exchange reserves by purchasing  foreign exchange from the market. Activities like raising the demand for foreign exchange can manipulate the exchange rate. In order to interfere successfully in the foreign exchange market, the Reserve Bank must keep an eye on the market all the time.

Billy goat curse :: essays research papers

The â€Å"Billy Goat Curse† Its game six of the National League Championship Series, the Cubs lead the series 3 games to 1 over the Florida Marlins; it's the 8th inning of the sixth game with the Cubs leading 3 to 0. The Florida Marlins are up with a runner on first and only 1 out. The batter, Derek Lee, hits a pop fly down the left field line one row into the stands, Moises Alou, the Cubs' left fielder, reaches for the ball but before he could grab the ball a fan reaches up and knocks it away from him. The Cubs would go on to lose game six 8 to 3, and would later go on to lose game 7, and the series. After game 6, many people, including fans and the media, believed that the actions of this one fan cost the Cubs there one chance to end the 95 year drought and the curse of the Billy goat. In my speech today I plan on giving you a brief history of the Cubs, what the Billy goat curse is, and the fans reaction to the losing, and the curse. On Oct 6, 1945, a Greek tavern owner by the name of Sam "Bill y goat" Siannis, (he was nicked named the Billy goat because of his goatee), bought box seats for himself and his goat. It was the 4th game of the World Series, the Cubs having had won 2 out of 3 in Detroit. They came back to Chicago favorites to win it all. In the past, and all entire season, he was allowed to bring his goat to the games. This time, however, management said no. Siannis and his goat were escorted out of Wrigley Field. Not happy with what was going on; Siannis stopped in the middle of Wrigley field, threw both arms up in the air and yelled, "There will never be another world series played at Wrigley Field.† The Cubs beat the Detroit Tigers in the 1907 and 1908 World Series. This would be the last time the Cubs would win the World Series, a 95 year drought. The Cubs would go on to have some success in the following decade, winning the pennant (their division) in 1910 and again in 1929 both times losing in the first round of the playoffs. Ano ther pennant came their way in 1932, and this time they would go all the way to the World Series only to lose to the New York Yankees, on Babe Ruth's called shot. Billy goat curse :: essays research papers The â€Å"Billy Goat Curse† Its game six of the National League Championship Series, the Cubs lead the series 3 games to 1 over the Florida Marlins; it's the 8th inning of the sixth game with the Cubs leading 3 to 0. The Florida Marlins are up with a runner on first and only 1 out. The batter, Derek Lee, hits a pop fly down the left field line one row into the stands, Moises Alou, the Cubs' left fielder, reaches for the ball but before he could grab the ball a fan reaches up and knocks it away from him. The Cubs would go on to lose game six 8 to 3, and would later go on to lose game 7, and the series. After game 6, many people, including fans and the media, believed that the actions of this one fan cost the Cubs there one chance to end the 95 year drought and the curse of the Billy goat. In my speech today I plan on giving you a brief history of the Cubs, what the Billy goat curse is, and the fans reaction to the losing, and the curse. On Oct 6, 1945, a Greek tavern owner by the name of Sam "Bill y goat" Siannis, (he was nicked named the Billy goat because of his goatee), bought box seats for himself and his goat. It was the 4th game of the World Series, the Cubs having had won 2 out of 3 in Detroit. They came back to Chicago favorites to win it all. In the past, and all entire season, he was allowed to bring his goat to the games. This time, however, management said no. Siannis and his goat were escorted out of Wrigley Field. Not happy with what was going on; Siannis stopped in the middle of Wrigley field, threw both arms up in the air and yelled, "There will never be another world series played at Wrigley Field.† The Cubs beat the Detroit Tigers in the 1907 and 1908 World Series. This would be the last time the Cubs would win the World Series, a 95 year drought. The Cubs would go on to have some success in the following decade, winning the pennant (their division) in 1910 and again in 1929 both times losing in the first round of the playoffs. Ano ther pennant came their way in 1932, and this time they would go all the way to the World Series only to lose to the New York Yankees, on Babe Ruth's called shot.

Compare and Contrast the Depiction of War and Soldiers in Birdsong and Strange Meeting Essay

In the first half of the twentieth century bloodshed was dominant as war on a global scale occurred on two occasions. These were not only effective on people that witnessed the catastrophe but also for propaganda and literature that would occur years later. Two of the most dominant authors depicting soldiers and war were Englishmen Sebastian Faulks and Susan Hill. They expressed their opinions on such matters with literature such as â€Å"Birdsong† and â€Å"Strange Meeting† respectively. In comparison both texts were wrote within the last forty years categorising them both as modernistic texts. Along with the information that both authors were neither there or around at the time, this would indicate that their novels are both adaptations of stories they have heard and open to artistic licence resulting in both being complete works of fiction. Throughout both extracts of the texts many comparisons and contrasts can be brought up involving the way war is opinionated for the soldiers. The first contrast that can be made is the indication that the 3rd person illustrates about the trenches but through two different styles of writing. â€Å"Birdsong† creates the feeling of negativity relating to the trenches through a strong use of imagery involving death. Language such as ‘wailing’, ‘primitive fear’ and ‘rigid body’ along with the use as short and punctual sentences creates a representation of a constantly changing and dangerous environment perhaps portraying the speed of the soldiers’ heartbeats involved, enabling the reader to understand the rush and panic the soldiers are feeling and representing the horror of the trenches from the soldiers’ point of view. This is in stark contrast to â€Å"Strange Meeting† which describes the trenches with descriptive language and in a positive light, ‘†¦a full moon shone above the ridge. The frost was thin and here and there it caught in the pale light on the barbed wire, tin canisters, helmets, and gleamed. ’ This different interpretation of the trenches offers a complete alternative opinion of trench life as throughout the extract words such as ‘frost’, ‘jokes’ and ‘Quiet’ portray a very quiet and peaceful place, somewhere not to be afraid of. This is a complete dissimilarity to the interpretation of â€Å"Birdsong†. A calm and positive situation is also highlighted in the attitude of the soldiers and the relationship they have with each other throughout the extract of â€Å"Strange Meeting†. Within the extract, the author highlights the relationships that Barton, an officer, has with Parkin, a soldier, as uncomfortable but calm. A constant awkwardness is represented with the way that the two characters converse with each other. ‘â€Å"Sir? † / â€Å"Hello, Parkin. All right? † †¦ â€Å"†¦have you, sir? † / â€Å"No, have you? † / â€Å"No. †Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ could be used to represent the constant problem that an officer has with relating to Parkin, a constant problem with class and a constant inability to communicate for any length of time. The use of short and sharp responses from both sides represents that both social classes don’t really know what to say to each other and find it difficult to be themselves in each other’s company. The class struggle is further highlighted with the introduction of the character Hilliard. Hilliard, much like Barton, is an officer in the trenches. The relationship with which he has with Barton compared to Parkin is of great difference representing the social boundaries that members of the British army throughout World War I would have faced. The relationship that Barton has with his social equal, Hilliard, could be viewed as a strong family bond and perhaps even slightly homosexual. The comfortable relationship that both officers have compared to the relationship with Parkin really highlights the fact that class boundaries are a major factor. The structure of both conversations next to each other really highlights the clashes as direct contrasts and comparisons can be drawn between both conversations. The use of this by the author really illustrates to the reader the differences in the characters and enables the reader to draw up questions about the officers. The relationship that Barton and Hilliard have could be portrayed as being like husband and wife. This is highlighted where it states ‘†Do you want to turn the lamp on? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"I thought you were asleep. † / â€Å"No, I was waiting for you. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. This could be interpreted by the reader as being highly homosexual and similar to a married life at home. A constant representation of the Queer Theory is brought up through many texts involving the First World War and seemed to be acceptable within the trenches. This is further highlighted with ‘Strange Meeting’ where it states in conversation between Barton and Hilliard ‘†I want to take you everywhere, show you everything†¦ ’ This further highlights their struggle with homosexuality but it also gives the reader an insight into what Susan Hill’s opinion regarding the war is about. The talk of everything and anything within the war could perhaps insinuate boredom through the trenches or perhaps even more controversially the fear with which the soldiers have. Their constant distraction and conversation about other matters outside the war could indicate that even the image of trench life which has been talked as being calm and okay within the extract could in fact be terrifying the soldiers involved so much that they want to be constantly distracted away from it and discuss the positivity that thinking of home and the outside world may have. The indication that the positivity could be hiding the negativity of the war. The relationship between soldiers offers a different interpretation in â€Å"Birdsong†. Throughout â€Å"Birdsong† there is very little conversation between the soldiers unlike â€Å"Strange Meeting† so the reader has to gather a sense of the relationships from what the voice of the extract is telling them rather than from converse between the characters. The constant theme regarding the soldiers throughout the extract is brotherhood, in contrast to homosexual tendencies in â€Å"Strange Meeting†. Constant references throughout he extract such as ‘The three men lay close together’, ‘â€Å"Help me,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘brother’ all create an image of friendship and brotherhood to the reader and helps insinuate that they are all there to help each other and watch each other’s back in the horrors of war. Even though this also shows togetherness between the soldiers much like ‘Strange meeting’ the reader’s interpretations differ as one text depicts the soldiers as too close and the other as good friends. The constantly different interpretations with both extracts is completely down to the fact that both authors only have facts of what they have heard and have no first-hand experience of the trenches due to the texts modernistic tendencies. Along with differing circumstances throughout all the lines of the trenches no exact accounts can be given within the two texts regarding the way the trenches and the soldiers relationships with each other would have been as no trench would have been the same, the soldiers would have been all of differing backgrounds and differing opinions on the job they have to do.

Free Essays on Rape

Webster’s Dictionary describes rape as the crime of forcing another person to submit to sex acts, especially sexual intercourse. Rape is a crime in which most women cannot defend themselves. The fear of rape plagues every woman at some point or another in her life. The traumatic effects of rape vary from mild to severe, from psychological to physical. Date rape is not an unusual occurrence that only happens in isolated situations. In fact, some surveys suggest that in 84% of rape cases, the victim knew her attacker, and in 57% of rapes occurred while on dates (Warshaw 11). However, what is even more surprising than these high figures is that most occurrences of date rape go unreported. Several theories exist that try to explain this phenomenon. For example, many women may refuse to believe that their â€Å"friend† raped them. In fact, they could ultimately convince themselves that that horrid night never actually occurred. Moreover, there is embarrassment following the attack in which memory and emotions become mixed up. When alcohol or drugs are involved, the women may have no memory of the attack whatsoever. Even if the victim does remember the attack, they could be left with a sense that they let themselves be taken advantage of. In cases such as this, the victim may blame them self instead of the attacker. Rape is an offense that uses sex and violence that makes sex the weapon in an act of violence. The humiliation involved in either being battered by or hurting someone we care for makes it hard to tell anyone, even those closest to us. People in abusive relationships often work hard at making it seem as if nothing is wrong. They try to convince themselves and others that â€Å"it’s not really that bad,† or that â€Å"it doesn’t happen all the time.† (Hicks 18) Additionally, societal perceptions dictate that a woman should know how to set limits, and that they are responsible for their own actions. Many wom... Free Essays on Rape Free Essays on Rape What is rape? Rape is defined as according to Dictionary.com as the crime of forcing another person to submit sex acts, especially sexual intercourse. In all of the selected readings, one specific rape case was discussed as well as the significant changes that occurred with marriage. Harry Bedlow was a man from New York City who was brought up on rape charges by a woman named Lannah Sawyer in October of 1793. Bedlow met Sawyer on her father’s stoop one summer night and invited her for walk and in those days if you hung with an older man it usually meant you were to have sexual relations with him. As they continued to walk around New York they came across an alley where Bedlow brought Sawyer down to. He invited her into the home of a Mrs. Cary where he allegedly raped her in one of Mrs. Cary’s bedrooms. However, the defense argued against that allegation and said that Sawyer was seduced by Bedlow and that the sex they had was consensual. As a result of the defense’s argument, the jury’s verdict was not guilty in favor of Mr. Bedlow. Marriage had always been very traditional where a man and a woman were set up by each other’s parents and they were to wed when the time was right. However, there was a change in the 1730s when â€Å"selection of your mate was based on personal taste and emotions rather than practical and familiar concerns,† (D’Emilo and Freedman, pg 43). D’Emilo and Freedman then say â€Å"Sons and Daughters not only chose mates with less attention to property and family considerations, but some young people even disregarded parental opinion all together,† (pg 43). Many of these couples also had premarital pregnancy so they would have no other choice but to marry each other without the disapproval of their parents. Even today this still occurs where men and women are choosing who they want to spend the rest of their life with. However, the premarital pregnancy is not common today with couple be... Free Essays on Rape Webster’s Dictionary describes rape as the crime of forcing another person to submit to sex acts, especially sexual intercourse. Rape is a crime in which most women cannot defend themselves. The fear of rape plagues every woman at some point or another in her life. The traumatic effects of rape vary from mild to severe, from psychological to physical. Date rape is not an unusual occurrence that only happens in isolated situations. In fact, some surveys suggest that in 84% of rape cases, the victim knew her attacker, and in 57% of rapes occurred while on dates (Warshaw 11). However, what is even more surprising than these high figures is that most occurrences of date rape go unreported. Several theories exist that try to explain this phenomenon. For example, many women may refuse to believe that their â€Å"friend† raped them. In fact, they could ultimately convince themselves that that horrid night never actually occurred. Moreover, there is embarrassment following the attack in which memory and emotions become mixed up. When alcohol or drugs are involved, the women may have no memory of the attack whatsoever. Even if the victim does remember the attack, they could be left with a sense that they let themselves be taken advantage of. In cases such as this, the victim may blame them self instead of the attacker. Rape is an offense that uses sex and violence that makes sex the weapon in an act of violence. The humiliation involved in either being battered by or hurting someone we care for makes it hard to tell anyone, even those closest to us. People in abusive relationships often work hard at making it seem as if nothing is wrong. They try to convince themselves and others that â€Å"it’s not really that bad,† or that â€Å"it doesn’t happen all the time.† (Hicks 18) Additionally, societal perceptions dictate that a woman should know how to set limits, and that they are responsible for their own actions. Many wom...

Presidents are Ambassadors

Presidents are Ambassadors Free Online Research Papers All presidents are ambassadors of their own countries. Although a presidents job is a huge job with gigantic responsibilities it doesnt differ from any other profession; for each and every job shares the same characteristic which is: serving the country for the sake of the nations prosperity. It is well known that every four years a new president is elected by the Americans to lead the United States of America. Since the United States is considered to be the role model and an elite government of the whole world and so is its president, many things are expected from this strong body. We lead the world, by deed and example (The American Moments). Sadly for the past few years the United States has disappointed not only its people but also the whole world for it hasnt yet fulfilled what is expected from it. On November 4, in the year 2008, stood and for the first time an African American, humble and most determined newly elected American president by the name of Barack Obama and gave a b rilliant speech; A speech that will be marked to be the new dawn to all citizens of the United States of America and the whole world. Although his speech wasn’t that long, it was very comprehensive and effective. He gives an oath to make change in the aspects of the war in Iraq, the global warming threat, education and many other threatening aspects. In his speech Obama directs his citizens with, Pathos, Logos and Ethos in order to deliver his message which is: a new vision, inevitable change, and unity of the whole universe. Pathos is the call for emotions, beliefs and values. Obamas use of pathos is everywhere in the speech. He addressed the doubtful and pessimists by saying If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible†¦; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer (Barack Obama 2008). Obama wants his citizens to trust and believe in their country. He also wanted to make no room for the cynical and doubtful individuals by saying those who have been told for so long†¦to be cynical†¦and doubtful†¦to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day (Barack Obama 2008). Obama wants to spread his strong hope, faith and ambition in his country and fellow supporters. Now it’s our moment to lead - our generation’s time to tell another great American story (American Moment). He believes that with the right planning and the right decisions a better Americ a and eventually a better world will rise. Obama believes Americans should be patriotic and caring for each other. Again he is spurring the feeling of loyalty and unity when saying In this country, we rise or fall as one nation - as one people (Barack Obama 2008). Logos is the appeal to facts, assumptions and reason. Barack Obama utilizes logos in his speech to further deliver his message that Americans are able to do the task at hand. He appeals to Americas great history, struggle of survival, and progress by telling a story of a 106 year old African American woman called Ann Nixon, who just gave her vote to Obama in this years elections. He says She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldnt vote for two reasons - because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin (Obama 2008). Going more in depth in Obamas speech, he uses more logos when talking about his campaign such as It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give five dollars and ten dollars and twenty dollars to the cause(Barack Obama 2008) to illustrate all that he went through during his campaigning period just to be who he is now. He wants Americans to have hope and faith in themselves; hope for a change and faith to ensure it. Further more Obama stresses on the Americans ability to succeed by using the phrase yes we can more than four times in his speech. He believes in his people and thinks they should believe in themselves. In Obamas speech he approaches his audience personally by appealing to ethos to ensure his credibility and morals. During his strong and emotional words, Obama shows his audience how he is, not only as a leader or president, but also as a father and husband. Ethos appears in several parts in his speech. First he mentions his deep thanks towards senator McCain and Governor Palin by saying I congratulate him and Gov. Palin for all they have achieved, and I look forward to working with them to renew this nations promise in the months ahead (Obama 2008). This shows a lot about Obamas personality. These honorable words show his sportsmanship and how noble he really is. Second, he mentions his vice president Joe Biden by saying I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on that train home to Delaware. This shows how respectful and humble this 47 year old man is. Thi rd, he mentions his deep thanks to his wife saying about her I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nations next first lady, Michelle Obama (Obama 2008). Fourth, he then mentions his deep infinite love to his two daughters, Sasha and Malia. In addition to that Obama gives his audience a glimpse of his morals, and shows how grateful he is towards his fellow team members, David Plouffe his campaign manager, and David Axelrod his chief strategist. Fifth, he thanks his audience and everyone who took his or her time to listen to what he has to say. He believes his success wouldnt have happened if it wasnt for all the supporters who believed in him, and he is deeply grateful to each and every one of them (Obama 2008). Furthermore, he adds to his CV that is full of morals and ethics with extreme humbleness and determination by saying I will listen to you, especially whe n we disagree†¦and above all I will ask you join in the work of remarking this nation†¦block by block, callused hand by callused hand (Obama 2008). After all the great thanks from Obama to almost everyone, he didn’t forget about people, whom he lost his votes; he showed his tolerance and open-mindedness when talking to them saying I may not have won your vote, but I hear your voices, I need your help, and I will be your President too(Obama2008). Adding to his credibility, Obama showed how sincere and honest he is with his fellow citizens; he wasnt scared to tell the bitter truth about their mission and how enormous it is (Obama 2008). Towards the end of his speech, Obama says to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores†¦our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand (Obama 2008). Obama delivers a message to the whole world, a message of hope, unity, ambition, and above all change. Research Papers on Presidents are AmbassadorsHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceResearch Process Part OnePETSTEL analysis of IndiaBringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and Canada

Battle of Tolentino in the Neapolitan War

Battle of Tolentino in the Neapolitan War Battle of Tolentino-Conflict: The Battle of Tolentino was the key engagement of the 1815 Neapolitan War. Battle of Tolentino -Date: Murat fought the Austrians on May 2-3, 1815. Armies Commanders: Naples Joachim Murat, King of Naples25,588 men58 guns Austria General Frederick BianchiGeneral Adam Albert von Neipperg11,938 men28 guns Battle of Tolentino - Background: In 1808, Marshal Joachim Murat was appointed to the throne of Naples by Napoleon Bonaparte. Ruling from afar as he participated in Napoleons campaigns, Murat deserted the emperor after the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813. Desperate to save his throne, Murat entered into negotiations with the Austrians and concluded a treaty with them in January 1814. Despite Napoleons defeat and the treaty with the Austrians, Murats position became increasingly precarious after the Congress of Vienna convened. This was largely due to increasing support to return the former King Ferdinand IV. Battle of Tolentino - Backing Napoleon: With this in mind, Murat elected to support Napoleon upon his return to France in early 1815. Moving quickly, he raised the Kingdom of Naples army and declared war on Austria on March 15. Advancing north, he won a series of victories over the Austrians and laid siege to Ferrara. On April 8-9, Murat was beaten at Occhiobello and forced to fall back. Retreating, he ended the siege of Ferrara and reconcentrated his forces at Ancona. Believing the situation to be in hand, the Austrian commander in Italy, Baron Frimont, sent two corps south to finish off Murat. Battle of Tolentino -The Austrians Advance: Led by Generals Frederick Bianchi and Adam Albert von Neipperg the Austrian corps marched towards Ancona, with the former moving through Foligno with the goal of getting in Murats rear. Sensing the danger, Murat sought to defeat Bianchi and Neipperg separately before they could unify their forces. Sending a blocking force under General Michele Carascosa to stall Neipperg, Murat took the main body of his army to engage Bianchi near Tolentino. His plan was thwarted on April 29 when a unit of Hungarian hussars captured the town. Recognizing what Murat was trying to accomplish, Bianchi began to delay the battle. Battle of Tolentino -Murat Attacks: Establishing a strong defensive line anchored on the Tower of San Catervo, Rancia Castle, the Church of Maest, and Saint Joseph, Bianchi awaited Murats attack. With time running out, Murat was forced to make to first move on May 2. Opening fire on Bianchis position with artillery, Murat was achieved a minor element of surprise. Attacking near Sforzacosta, his men briefly captured Bianchi necessitating his rescue by Austrian hussars. Concentrating his army near Pollenza, Murat repeatedly attacked the Austrian positions near Rancia Castle. Battle of Tolentino -Murat Retreats: The fighting raged throughout the day and did not die out until after midnight. Though his men failed to take and hold the castle, Murats troops had gotten the better of the days fight. As the sun rose on May 3, a heavy fog delayed action until around 7:00 AM. Pressing forward, the Neapolitans finally captured the castle and the Cantagallo hills, as well as forced the Austrians back into the Chienti Valley. Seeking to exploit this momentum, Murat pushed forward two divisions on his right flank. Anticipating a counterattack by the Austrian cavalry, these divisions advanced in square formations. As they neared the enemy lines, no cavalry emerged and the Austrian infantry unleashed a devastating barrage of musket fire on the Neapolitans. Beaten, the two divisions began falling back. This setback was made worse by the failure of a supporting attack on the left. With the battle still undecided, Murat was informed that Carascosa had been defeated at Scapezzano and that Neippergs corps was approaching. This was compounded by rumors that a Sicilian army was landing in southern Italy. Assessing the situation, Murat began breaking off the action and withdrawing south towards Naples. Battle of Tolentino -Aftermath: In the fighting at Tolentino, Murat lost 1,120 killed, 600 wounded, and 2,400 captured. Worse, the battle effectively ended the Neapolitan armys existence as a cohesive fighting unit. Falling back in disarray, they were unable to stop of the Austrian advance through Italy. With the end in sight, Murat fled to Corsica. Austrian troops entered Naples on May 23 and Ferdinand was restored to the throne. Murat was later executed by the king after attempting an insurrection in Calabria with the goal of retaking the kingdom. The victory at Tolentino cost Bianchi around 700 killed and 100 wounded.

Product Sales Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Product Sales Issue - Essay Example For instance, Atkinson (2005) suggests utilizing inter-office communication tools such as e-mail to distribute the basic agenda of the business meeting. CEOs and other management officials are under increasing pressure to multi-task and exceed performance expectations, making the pre-meeting communication an important method of illustrating respect for management time schedules and to allow the group to pre-determine any questions they may wish to ask. Such an electronic agenda communication could show a brief outline highlighting a potential sales issue so that the leadership team is aware that this topic will be included as part of the meeting. The purpose of this pre-meeting communication is to avoid CEO perceptions of wasted time and link strategy with customer-related issues. The communication does not necessarily have to outline the details of the problem. During the meeting, at the point where widget issues are at the top of the agenda, no blame should be placed on specific individuals in the business but only highlighting that it has come to the CSD manager’s attention that the business faces a sales and short-term strategic problem. Placing blame in communications such as these only make attendees resistant to further communications and they may reject any suggested plans if the attendees feel they are being singled out without appropriate evidence (Landy & Conte, 2006). The purpose of the meeting is to identify business issues, not determine who is responsible at the current time. One specific course of action recommended would include a risk assessment of the areas of business involved in widget sales (production, quality control, sales/marketing and shipping). As the CSD manager, I would bring highlighted portions of company policy which illustrates procedural activities and suggest areas of potential risk where oversight or quality control procedures might be absent. How can

Employment training part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment training part 1 - Essay Example In this study the focus is on formal and informal training in the organization, their strengths and weaknesses and why are they required in an organization. Training Training is associated with the work related computing that comes in variety of forms staring from â€Å"formal, scheduled classroom instruction to spur-of-the-moment sessions with a co-worker to self-based trial and error efforts† (Danziger and Dunkle, 2005, p. 1). Both individuals as well as the organization have their own choices regarding the training method. The training can be characterized in several dimensions. The two most important dimensions that are considered while selecting a training method are the degree of interaction that takes place between one another during the training and the degree of formality involved in training. Based on this, there are two types of training formal and informal. Figure 1 Source: (Danziger and Dunkle, 2005) Formal Learning Formal learning is the learning that takes place in a structured and organised environment and is explicitly in terms of resources, time and objectives. From the learners’ point of view, it is intentional and leads to certification and validation. It aims towards achievement of competencies, skill and knowledge (Patrick, 2010). Formal training leads to formal learning amongst the individuals. Formal training is the professionally developed training program or session that has a fixed agenda to be offered or discussed either on or off site during the compensated working hours of the employees. Formal training includes professional conferences, seminars, employee skills and development programs, apprenticeship training, certification training and technical trainings (Crotty, 2004). The learning is evolved from certain organized program of instructions. Formal learning is achieved by the learners, when they undergo some well designed training programs in their workplace. Formal leaning displays certain specific essential feat ures that are: This have a specific curriculum The trainer is responsible for delivering its teaching strictly in accordance with the curriculum. There is a certain assessment system that assesses the achievement of leaning objectives of the learner and certifies it (Jarvis and Watts, 2012). Informal Learning Informal learning is signified as the learning process that takes place from the daily activities of an individual related to leisure, family and work. It is not structured or organised in terms of learning support, time and objectives. From the perspective of the learner, it is unintentional and is often referred to as â€Å"learning from experience† or simply experience. The main idea behind informal learning is that people by their virtue of existence are exposed to various learning situations continuously (Patrick, 2010). However, informal learning has gained increased attention as a significant part of management and leadership development. Some of the research scho lars have signified informal learning as lesson of experience that has helped many mangers in reaching to the top of the organization (Halliday-Wynnes and Beddie, 2009). Learning from the experience is a continuous process that often entails in dealing with failure or hardship. For instance, in cases where the business leaders learn from

Culture and Orgnisaztion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Culture and Orgnisaztion - Essay Example Some of the excellent models that attained high sales volumes include V8 Morgan and Plus 8 models dues to their traditional craftsmanship and ability to win numerous sporting races. The company culture is appreciates innovation since Aero model ultimately evolved to a high-end luxury Aero SuperSports Morgan in order to meet the changing consumer needs of more fashionable and stylish cars. The political environment is characterised by stable governments while the economic environment is characterised by high growth in consumer incomes and increase in consumer spending (Stanford, 2013). The social environment has favorable attitudes towards luxurious cars while the technological environment is characterised by stylish automobile designs (Avolio & Gardner, 2005, p 320). However, there is stiff competition in the automobile industry and increase in the costs of raw materials. The company aspires to remain flexible and small while remaining faithful to the philosophy and original HFS†™s concept of lightweight construction. The aim of the paper is to illustrate the culture of Morgan Motor Company in the human resource department using Schein model of culture and determine how the organisation has maintained to remain consistent in its culture. The paper will also examine the application of Schein organisational culture model at Morgan Motor Company. The paper will examine the cultural artifacts and observable behaviours and determine their consistent with the current espoused values and assumptions. The country culture refers to the complex knowledge, art, beliefs, moral laws, customs and habits that define the interactions in the society. Accordingly, the country culture influences the business culture and includes the collective programming the distinguish the member of one human group from another (Hofstede, 2001). In this case, British culture can be identified by the greetings, dress code, customer tastes

Human Resource Management in Innovation Term Paper

Human Resource Management in Innovation - Term Paper Example Few recommendations in favor of Advantage Recruitment Limited are provided below. Firstly, it is recommended to create a work environment and culture that encourages employees to think of having a long term career with the organization. Employees primarily quit organizations because of better job prospects in other organizations. Creating career development program could be one way of handling the crisis (Patton & McMahon, 2001, p.3). Redesigning compensation packages could be one way of retaining valuable talents. This is because employees leaving the organization have complained of low wages being a factor responsible for moving into other organizations. Working out a new pay structure is called for at this point of time (Armstrong & Brown, 2001, p.194). The formalizing of performance management and review systems is important at this stage to identify and recognize the performance of employees. Lack of performance review procedures could lead to loss of talented employees as they would be de-motivated to deliver good performance because of lack of recognition or insufficient appreciation of their works. Changing the quality of work life is important; which includes occupational health care, appropriate salaries and suitable work timing for employees. The overall idea is to improve the working conditions of employees and increasing organizational effectiveness. Lastly a transparent work culture would serve as an important factor for facilitating trust, communication, accountability and responsibility. Increased communication facilitates exchange of information, views and ideas, removes work politics and reduces chances of frustrations and stress in employees which often leads to high rates of attritions in organizations (Lotze, 2004, p.167). Implementation Creating a strong career development process necessarily requires building of strong leadership programs. Leaders would be responsible for coordinating and integrating the entire process of career developme nt of employees. A career development steering committee comprising of some of the key leaders in Advantage Recruitment would act as a guide throughout the career development process. This will be followed by creating an employee development proce

The evience suggests that PPP hold both in the short and long run Essay - 1

The evience suggests that PPP hold both in the short and long run - Essay Example an be substantial short-run deviations from PPP, but in the long run relative PPP holds remarkably well because fundamentals and arbitrage are dominant long-run economic forces† (Marewijk, chapter 20); In short run price level tends to be sticky and takes time to change (Rogoff, 1996). And that â€Å"Dorodian, Jung, and Boyd [1999] found that in the long-run, PPP tends to hold more often under a floating exchange rate regime than under a fixed exchange rate system† (Anorou, Braha & Ahmad, 2002). There is however some studies which focused on the short run basis of PPP. Chowdhry, Roll & Xia (2004) find that â€Å"relative PPP holds well in the short run in both single-country-pair OLS regressions and a pooled system regression† and that their evidence â€Å"for short-run relative PPP is unlikely to be driven by missing world factors or by real effects of inflation†. Further, â€Å"our results complement the findings from the long-run PPP tests, and help resolve the PPP puzzle in the short run†. They also have an evidence that â€Å"relative purchasing power parity holds quite well in the short run when inflation is extracted from stock prices†. â€Å"For small differences in annual inflation between the United States and the country concerned, the correlation between relative inflation and depreciation in each of the years seems low. Relative PPP appears to â€Å"hold more closely for countries experiencing relatively high inflation† (Tayl or & Taylor, 2004); â€Å"Finally, the IIRE is operative in both the short and long run in response to changes in the domestic price level† (Elwood & Fields, 1998). Based on those results, Click (1996), as mentioned by Fujiki & Kitamura in 2004 concludes that in â€Å"the time-series dimension, using the random-effects model, purchasing power parity holds, conditional upon the Balassa–Samuelson effect.† Chapter 18 — Exchange Rate Theories discusses the favorable effect of PPP in the short run over long run. â€Å"PPP holds even in the

Social work theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social work theory - Essay Example 2). There are several models and theories about the cause of substance abuse and dependence used to provide an explanation of addiction. These models have strong implications on the interventions that practitioners implement. An explanation that addiction/alcoholism is a consequence of an individual’s personal choice is adhered to by proponents of the moral model. The view that indulgence in alcohol and substance abuse is a personal choice makes it justifiable for an individual to be punished. Another perspective views addiction/alcoholism is related to the parent’s excessive neglect during childhood. This type of explanation is characteristic of the socio-cultural and psychological models of addiction. Several studies reveal that people who become addicts have underlying psychological disorders and these interact with certain socio-cultural factors to cause further exacerbation of substance abuse. . In the well-being paradigm, â€Å"substance abuse is viewed as reflecting an underlying, intra-psychological deficiency† (Maton et al., 1992, p. 81). These psychological problems cause emotional pain and relief from pain is readily offered by alcohol and drug use. On the other hand, the disease concept of substance abuse postulates that addiction is a primary disease and not secondary or corollary to another condition. â€Å"Perhaps the greatest advantage to the articulation that addiction is a disease has been to remove the moral stigma attached to chemical dependency and to replace it with an emphasis on treatment of an illness† (Fisher et al, 1997, p. 45). However, a major criticism of this model is the notion that it relieves the substance abuser from taking responsibility of his/her behavior. It paints a picture of the alcoholic or addict as powerless and a passive victim in the drinking/ drug use behavior. To their defense, proponents of the

Human Resource Management in Innovation Term Paper

Human Resource Management in Innovation - Term Paper Example Few recommendations in favor of Advantage Recruitment Limited are provided below. Firstly, it is recommended to create a work environment and culture that encourages employees to think of having a long term career with the organization. Employees primarily quit organizations because of better job prospects in other organizations. Creating career development program could be one way of handling the crisis (Patton & McMahon, 2001, p.3). Redesigning compensation packages could be one way of retaining valuable talents. This is because employees leaving the organization have complained of low wages being a factor responsible for moving into other organizations. Working out a new pay structure is called for at this point of time (Armstrong & Brown, 2001, p.194). The formalizing of performance management and review systems is important at this stage to identify and recognize the performance of employees. Lack of performance review procedures could lead to loss of talented employees as they would be de-motivated to deliver good performance because of lack of recognition or insufficient appreciation of their works. Changing the quality of work life is important; which includes occupational health care, appropriate salaries and suitable work timing for employees. The overall idea is to improve the working conditions of employees and increasing organizational effectiveness. Lastly a transparent work culture would serve as an important factor for facilitating trust, communication, accountability and responsibility. Increased communication facilitates exchange of information, views and ideas, removes work politics and reduces chances of frustrations and stress in employees which often leads to high rates of attritions in organizations (Lotze, 2004, p.167). Implementation Creating a strong career development process necessarily requires building of strong leadership programs. Leaders would be responsible for coordinating and integrating the entire process of career developme nt of employees. A career development steering committee comprising of some of the key leaders in Advantage Recruitment would act as a guide throughout the career development process. This will be followed by creating an employee development proce

Social work theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social work theory - Essay Example 2). There are several models and theories about the cause of substance abuse and dependence used to provide an explanation of addiction. These models have strong implications on the interventions that practitioners implement. An explanation that addiction/alcoholism is a consequence of an individual’s personal choice is adhered to by proponents of the moral model. The view that indulgence in alcohol and substance abuse is a personal choice makes it justifiable for an individual to be punished. Another perspective views addiction/alcoholism is related to the parent’s excessive neglect during childhood. This type of explanation is characteristic of the socio-cultural and psychological models of addiction. Several studies reveal that people who become addicts have underlying psychological disorders and these interact with certain socio-cultural factors to cause further exacerbation of substance abuse. . In the well-being paradigm, â€Å"substance abuse is viewed as reflecting an underlying, intra-psychological deficiency† (Maton et al., 1992, p. 81). These psychological problems cause emotional pain and relief from pain is readily offered by alcohol and drug use. On the other hand, the disease concept of substance abuse postulates that addiction is a primary disease and not secondary or corollary to another condition. â€Å"Perhaps the greatest advantage to the articulation that addiction is a disease has been to remove the moral stigma attached to chemical dependency and to replace it with an emphasis on treatment of an illness† (Fisher et al, 1997, p. 45). However, a major criticism of this model is the notion that it relieves the substance abuser from taking responsibility of his/her behavior. It paints a picture of the alcoholic or addict as powerless and a passive victim in the drinking/ drug use behavior. To their defense, proponents of the

Importance of Composition courses for First Year Students Essay Example for Free

Importance of Composition courses for First Year Students Essay An important aspect of education is to enable students to read, write and think critically, so that they develop these vital skills. There is substantial debate over composition courses for first year students and the overall purpose of these courses. Proponents argue that these courses are essential to engage students in academic discussions and to facilitate the practice of close and critical reading among them (Lindemann, 1993). Lindemann (1993) asserts the importance of composition course stating that these courses enable students to â€Å"become aware of their own development as writers† so that they can learn to write effectively to benefit their careers and lives. Writing courses expose students to a variety of writings by different writers and this in turn helps students to choose the best writing styles so that they can use it in future. Through these courses, students are exposed to different writings and products which will provide meaningful examples concerning the writing process. It is also believed that first year students need substantial support and help from their peers and teachers since â€Å"learning to write is not an individual task† (Pinter, 1995). The development of â€Å"voice† is one of the important outcomes of writing course in the first year which occurs when teachers provide students with â€Å"diverse and plentiful writing exercises and experiences† to express themselves in the best possible manner in a â€Å"variety of settings†, academic as well as nonacademic (Pinter, 1995). Thus, writing courses are an essential aspect for the cognitive and overall academic development of students and provides them with the ability to express their thoughts feelings and emotions in meaningful ways through effective writing. contact dearbpk(at the rate)yahoo. co. in for feedback References Lindemann, Erika. (March 1993). Freshman Composition: No Place for Literature. College English 55. 3: 311-16. Pinter, Robbie Clifton (1995). First Year Writing Courses: Whats the Purpose?

The representation of family on TV

The representation of family on TV The term nuclear family can be defined as a husband, wife and their two children; however in the last decade the framework through present television shows such as Modern Family Season 1-Episode 1, Simpsons episode Sweethome Homediddly Do and The Osbournes Episode Fight Club have begun to dismantle the hegemonic structure of the nuclear family when dysfunctional family members are torn from morally right decisions and left to their own deceptive behaviours. Modern Family, which was created by Sky 1, presents a very live action that contains gay parents and a dysfunctional family with a set of values. (Midgley, 2009). The Osbournes which, Ozzy is the rock and roll icon and father, does not take charge in helping the kids through conflict, but relents his role and gives his wife the responsibility of the children and household. Furthermore, The Simpsons, shows portrayal of hyper-vigilant mothers, who worry too much and the sorts of insane baby activities that occur at these groups was spot-on, and Homer and Marges junk food binge made up for some of the sloppiness in the main plot (Animation, 2009). The episode Sweethome Homediddly Do represents a comical view of a dysfunctional family which conflict arises then is resolved at the end. This essay will argue how Modern Family Season 1 Episode 1, Simpsons Episode Sweethome Homediddly Do and The Osbournes have manufactured dysfunctional chaos by making absurd decisions, reacting with wrong actions, coupled with out of control reactions, regretting their decisions with tremendous guilt and lastly, the constant shift in traditional power struggles are all challenging the boundaries of the hegemonic structure. These shows depict the underlining regression that has prevailed throughout societys deteriorating values to be acceptable and the norm of a nucleus family. ABC and MTV have addressed the overwhelming cry of broken relationships and to the rise of homosexuality, along with mixed signals of blended and single parenting society. The new direction of television sitcom is reflecting and desensitizing the family nucleus from what the truth is and what is morally right and acceptable. Families that are drawn to watch and to be entertained by dysfunctional chaos are now c hallenged to either accept or revolt to what they see. Modern Family is a show about when a family agrees to be interviewed by a documentary crew, they have no idea just how much theyre about to reveal about themselves. (Modern Family Synopsis, 2011) The main theme about the show is But thats the thing about family: no matter how badly you behave, hopefully theyll forgive (Modern Family Synopsis, 2011). No matter how absurd the situation of day to day accounts that are within the three eccentric families now portrays a family consisting of either blended single parents and same sex families that has been the regression of family nucleus fostered by the entertainment industry and advertisers alike catering to a fallen generation. Television networks and advertisers work together with the Nielsen ratings influence the of ideological impact on society. A form of manipulation formulated in predictable ways are what dictates the direction of all involved. http://tvsurveillance.com/2010/10/20/25000-people-are-good-enough-the-hegemonic-impacts- of-the-nielsen-television-ratings-system/ Neglect to tackle moral issues of adoption by same sex couples, co-habitation of couples under no authoritative leadership within the household are all fundamental issues that are disenthralled by light hearted entertainment that doesnt deal with the heart of the matter but focuses on communication breakdown. As seen in Season 1 Episode 1, Modern Family contains three different couples with children, one being family patriarch Jay Pritchett met the stunning Columbian Gloria Delgado which they both have a son. The second family, Jays daughter, Claire, is having a hard time raising her own family. Her husband Phil is great, except for the fact that he thinks hes down with their teenage kids, much to their embarrassment. Claires brother Mitchell and his enthusiastic partner Cameron have just adopted Lily, a precious little baby girl from Vietnam (Modern Family Synopsis, 2011). Modern Family pushes the limits of a normal family introducing new problematic issues usually never talked about in public and reinforces a dysfunctional family. 20th Century Fox Television largely developed this sitcom in a documentary fictitious style to facilitate modern families already familiar with bizarre and unpredictable storylines where only parents are faced with these kinds of situations. The real life home problems are embellished to make the situations so absurd that humour and light-headedness is the key emphasis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Family There are assigned roles within Modern Family, for example, Phil provides nurturing and love, while Claire holds the house together with structure (Groner, 2009). But that moment of sanity is far outweighed with real issues such as the two gay men kissing in bed. As Jeremy Clyman states, the whole ideology of this TV series is to have the theme Anything goes. All will be forgiven. Here again, this depicts that there are no boundaries and children of healthy moral families need to be nurtured with love consisting of boundaries and discipline for proper development or moral behaviour. With utterances of dont upset your mother, youre groundedeveryone can forget Christmas this year are all common household daily threats that consumer culture between the ages of 12 to 25 contend with and can relate to. When I said dysfunctional I meant it, but on the upside, no pattern proves too problematic; no rule too rigid (Clyman, 2010). Yet the episode gives no solid answers of moral issues concerni ng discipline and lifestyles. The episode contends with the issue of gays having the right for adoption but the sitcom contradicts this with the nerdy men afraid of their new role and responsibility, for example who will tell the baby he/she doesnt have a mom. An episode from Modern Family Season 1 Episode One, starts off with a very dysfunctional Phil yelling for his kids and Claire yelling at them first thing when they come down the stairs about not texting (Winer, 2009). The first episode of Modern Family depicts a real dysfunctional family where it is evident that Claire takes charge of the family but overpowering Phil in this episode. The value systems in Modern Family are seen to be as Jeremy Clyman Inherited patterns and invisible rules have some kinks in the armour but all flaws are redeemable (Clyman, 2010). Another example which challenges the hegemonic of a nuclear family is the presence of the gay couple in Modern Family, (lawyer and breadwinner Mitchell and self-described stay at home dad/trophy wife Cameron) (Choudhary, 2010). This defeats the purpose of a well rounded nuclear family as seen as through the Clevers or Leave it to Beaver. Mitchell and Cameron have a adopted son who they both share and take care of, through the 21st century, television sitcoms are becoming more gay and lesbian icons which the viewers are adapting to. The hegemonic ideology of a perfect family seen as a father, mother and two children, show viewers that the family ideology has shifted dramatically due from Leave it to Beaver to a show like Modern Family which reinforce social attitudes of everything goes while breaking down moral prejudice that once was evident but now lost in society. Furthermore, Simpsons is portrayed through animation which contains a typical middle class family situated in the town of Springfield consisting of the character Homer Simpson, who is lazy, overweight, slow witted father with his hapless wife Marge; and their son Bart who is a underachieving and proud of it (Tueth). The Simpsons became a hit television show due to the framework of a dysfunctional but yet happy family. The episode Home Sweet Homediddly Dum Diddly starts off with Marge taking the leading role of a typical housewife which was represented in the 1950s, as a wife who can cook and clean. Lisa, the bright daughter who continually succeeds in school is brought down and asking for newspapers for her school project while Bart comes down for breakfast with Dracula fangs and puts I am stupid on the back of Maggies back. This episode and Simpsons alone challenges the hegemonic ideology of the nuclear family because Homer is a fat father who does not put any effort into the chil dren or into any work. No discipline or respect is evident, with the kids ruling the house through typical behaviour of todays generation of unruly children, while the parents are stressed out and ignore what just happened. This type of class structure that is seen throughout this episode is a middle class American family that can only afford the necessities to live. For example in this episode, Homer gets Marge a pair of Spa gift certificates and she thinks he actually bought them while he got the Spa gift certificates for free for test driving a car (Groening, 2007). Another example from this episode is when Bart is getting his school picture taken then teacher Ms. Krabappel tells him to stop moving while she sees lice coming out of his hair (Groening, 2007). Homers Father is passed out lying on the coach with a mess everywhere; the child services crew comes and takes a picture and with that evidence the kids are taken to the child services. This is a key example how dysfunctional the Simpson family is and can relate now to majority sector of real-life modern family at a more subtle attack on the basic structure of the nuclear family of having a father that works and a stay at home mother who takes care of the children. Since Marge and Homer havent raised a normal family, their children also act in accordance with social norms, in essence complying with the accepted ideology of class (Jaffer, 2010). The ideology shown of class through the Simpsons is the middle class American Family and dysfunctional but at the end of each episode they always come together and unified into one happy family. Family structure may be questioned in the Simpsons sitcom where Homer manages to get himself into constant trouble with Marge, as she questions his sense of judgement; and their son Bart, out of control, playing pranks phone calls to Moes Bar, playing on words asking for a person named Al Coholic; having the bar owner calling out the word Alcoholics to his patrons. These are subliminal messages to the audience in the form of light-hearted entertainment via cartoons, not intended for children in their informative years of development. The last episode I will examine will be the Osbournes and how the Osbourne family challenges the hegemonic ideology of the nuclear family through their own life struggles as celebrities. Pieto states, the Osbournes, on the other hand, through their reality-based show, exemplify the American ideology of upward mobility. The reality of The Osbournes affluence is an ideological fiction for most working-class Americans (Pieto, 2009). Subsequently, Ozzy Osbourne known as Prince of Darkness is the front man icon from the 70s, as a pioneer of heavy metal music with a band called Black Sabbath, influencing audiences with drug use, sex and women. Ozzy brings home his abusive lifestyle and tries to stay on top of chaos with his slurred speech impediment and shaky hands, due to his rebellion of past drug and alcohol abuse. The pop sub-culture of his era accept this because of his innate stardom and huge following. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne The Osbourne family is far from the id ealistic nuclear family, with troubles magnified by MTV commercial success and exposure to worldwide fans endorsing his dark acts of elicit behaviour such as biting a bats head off on stage. Ozzys concerns is not being a role model but delegates Sharon, his wife not only to be his manager but to handle all the chaos at home. He shuts down when it comes to decision making and turns to Sharon for help. The children have grown up with this hierarchy in the family and now demonstrate it amongst each other in chaos and disrepect. Comparing the Osbournes to the Cleavers show, demonstrates how June plays the peacemaker and defers the authority and problem on Wards shoulders. At the end of the day, they all laugh together as a family. This is a classic scene of a nuclear family, where the conflict is resolved through harmony and that submission is given to parental authority. However, the Osbournes challenge the hegemonic ideology of the nuclear family because rocker father Ozzy, demonstrates his father roll secondary to his rock roll performances always escaping parental leadership being absent from their lives. Through the episode of Fight Club of Osbournes, the form and structure is similar to Leave it to Beaver about the conflict. This episode tries to configure the different narratives the of celebrity and narrative of fatherhood. Ozzy as a figure tries to combine and tries to reconcile these two characters where you find on MTV and Leave it to Beaver. As seen through this episode of Fight Club of the Osbournes, the children Kelly and Jack do not get along and are always fighting; for example, they push each other non stop in the kitchen and always swearing at each other. The Osbournes have a similar narrative of a family sitcom where the conflict is resolved at the end. Furthermore, the realism that Osbournes represent to the audience is manufactured by the television producers, manipulating by editing and non-stop filming to get the desired results they want shown to the working class Americans and their pop culture of that era. Television producers use the power of freedom of speech to coerce desired fabricated results, giving them total control on the part of the participants to have influence in advertisers appeal and ratings that bring in money. http://www.nyu.edu/pubs/counterblast/osbournes.pdf In conclusion, this generation has degenerated and has fallen short from the traditional nuclear family containing a father, mother and children and this has formed the ideological substratum of television on a whole. As the ideological framework has been corrupted by 21st century, family sitcoms such as Modern Family, Simpsons, and The Osbournes, have challenged the idealistic family set of values introducing alternative lifestyles, blended families or single parent and furthermore same sex parents. These shows have become to dismantle and challenge the true meaning of a traditionally nuclear family. As seen through Leave it to Beaver is a prime example of a traditional nuclear family, the ideal American family a father and a mother, bound to each other by legal marriage, raising children bound to them by biology is a stubborn relic, a national symbol that has yet to be retired as threadbare and somewhat unrealistic (Benfer, 2001). Modern Familys gay couple Cameron and Mitchell are challenging the hegemonic ideology of the nuclear family every time it airs on television. They have taken one step further and have allowed scenes where the two men have kissed. These kinds of scenes are orchestrated to push the limits of what is allowed to desensitize the impressionable children growing up in this generation. Television is now targeting to more the Gay and Lesbian audience and is trying to show how a gay couple can actually live with an adopted child. This medium justifies what is already evident in our traditional culture and glorifies it to win the favour of its views. Furthermore, the animated sitcom Simpsons brings a humorous way of attacking the audience through the lazy Homer and the adolescence kid, Bart who consistently gets into trouble. Bart is looking for attention in the wrong way and as a child is behaving like an adult gone bad. His pranks and jokes are have an underlying connotation to them, demeaning his peers around him. Whereas The Osbournes shown through a celebrity and realism depicts Ozzys personality as a rock star and a father out of control. Sharon is the structure of the household keeping both kids and Ozzy in line, but their family is so dysfunctional there is always a conflict in the episode but the viewing audience never reaches a learning curve to their situations. It only leaves a distasteful appeal to critically analyze where did Osbournes success get them? As the 21 century seems to challenge the idealistic family set of values through living as single parents, unmarried partners or blended, gay and lesbian families as problematic (Benfer, 2001), this shows how the ideology has shifted dramatically and Modern Family, Simpsons and Osbournes have taken the ideology of the nuclear family and have set a different set of values to appeal to the viewers of the television. ABC and MTV has manipulated the television medium by giving a band-aid to its viewers, re-enforcing what families are dealing with, such as broken relationships and the rise of homosexuality in the nuclear family. The television producers manipulate by editing and selective script writing to get their message across to desensitize the family nucleus and to justify that this is the way our generation is. This enforces no family structure or accountability for unmoral lifestyles. Animation and realism intrigue the audience in the form of entertainment through the representati on of a comical viewpoint that entices the audience to want to view more. Constant exposure to dysfunctional chaos has the danger of excepting what the culture trend of our generation pushes, if we do not take action and be guided by our own convictions. If not, then television shows have an important role to play in setting our social attitudes and breaking down prejudices whether they are good or bad. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/tv-hit-from-us-about-quirks-of-modern-parenting-strikes-a-chord/story-e6frf96f-1225872285000 If we do not take a stand, then sitcoms such as Modern Family, Simpsons and Osbournes will be our voice to the next generation which is our children.

Comparison of the Vietnam War and Trojan War :: compare contrast

The Vietnam War and the Trojan War were two separate tragedies that took place in very different time periods yet. They have many things in common such as their senselessness, the brutality shown, and the way the soldiers were treated when they returned to their homeland. In this paper we will touch on those three topics explaining the petty causes of the war and how cruelly the opposing potencies attacked the enemy. Also, we will discover the great similarity in how the soldiers were treated upon returning from the war and how the war affected their lives. Most historians view the nature of the Vietnam War as rooted in the history of the French colonies in Vietnam and the growing ethnic, political, and economical division between Catholic and Buddhist Vietnamese. (Brigham, Robert, Hoffman, Kenneth) At the end of World War II, Japanese forces in Indochina turned over power to Vietnamese Nationalists. Japan had created an independent Vietnamese government. Japan allowed this government to be displaced by the Viet Minh under Ho Chi Minh. (The History Place, Beginner’s Guide) The next month, a British force landed in southern Vietnam and occupied Indochina. (The History Place) The French eventually gained back some control over parts of Vietnam. In early 1946, the French began a series of dual negotiations with the Chinese and Viet Minh over the future of Vietnam. After failed negotiations with the French over the future of Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh and his Viet Minh retreated into remote parts of the countryside to fight a small-scale insurgency against the French. (The History Place, Beginner’s Guide) Though the U.S had no direct role in the return of the French to Indochina, Washington’s desire for a more uniform European economy and European cooperation on a variety of other things required French cooperation. Because successive French governments threatened to become more uncooperative in Europe if the United States refused to accede to their demands overseas, Washington committed itself to a policy of supporting the French in Indochina. (The History Place, Wikipedia) In this way we can see that the United State’s involvement in the Vietnam War was manipulated and â€Å"arranged† by the French who needed help and knew that the United States would have no choice but to accede to their proposal. The Trojan War was also manipulated although not in the same way. Eris or Strife, the goddess of discord, after not being invited to a wedding party for the gods devised a plan to spoil the wedding.

The Genetic Basis of Adaptive Melanism on Pocket Mice Essay examples --

Introduction What's the problem? Examples of animals adapting to the environment have been known as far back as the case of the black peppered moths of England in the mid-1800s. In that case, entire populations of the black peppered moths were observed to change color in response to changes in their environment. More recently, bacteria have been known to develop resistance to antibiotic drugs, insects have developed various forms of resistance to insecticide, and plants have adapted to accommodate higher levels of heavy metals in the soil and water. The problem is that it is difficult to locate the genes that stimulate adaptation for three reasons: 1. Traits must be identified based on how they affect fitness and their ecological relevance. In other words, we need to find a trait that clearly makes a difference in whether or not the animal survives. 2. It is challenging to analyze phenotypes when there is little information known about genes. With the moths, nobody knows which of the moth's genes are responsible for the changes in color, so a genetic analysis is extremely difficult to do. 3. Most fitness-related traits are a mixture of many genes. This makes it hard to pin down the adaptations as a result of the actions of one gene. So where do the mice come in? Dr. Nachman's research explores the connection between genotype and coat color in four populations of rock pocket mice. Rock pocket mice live in rocky habitats in the southwest U.S. and northern Mexico. In the 1930s, classical studies revealed that there was a close correlation between the color of a mouse's coat, and the color of the rocks the mouse lived on. Light-colored mice... ...is mice, the alleles did not appear to be responsible for any changes in coat color. The similarity between coat color of the dark mice at Pinacate and the dark mice at Armendaris is probably due to convergent evolution. The Armendaris mice probably evolved the same adaptation (dark coat color) through a separate genetic mechanism. An interesting research project might be to determine the genetic basis of adaptation in the Armendaris population, and make comparisons. Any such results would be enormously useful in showing how evolution affects individual genes. References Nachman, Michael W. Hope E. Hoekstra, Susan L. D'Agostino. "The genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice." www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0431157100. Feb. 26, 2003. Purves,William K., et al. Life: The Science of Biology Sixth Edition. Massachusetts: Sinauer Assoicates, Inc. 2001.

Power and Authority

HOW HAVE YOUR TEXTS EXPLORED POWER AND AUTHORITY The abuse of power and authority leads to corruption. George Orwell’s satire Nineteen Eighty-four and Frank Darabont’s hellish version of prison life The Shawshank Redemption show the effects of the exercise of absolute power. These texts show that if there are no restrictions when it comes to authority it can lead to corruption. Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four demonstrates powerful warnings against the dangers of a totalitarian society.A theme used in Orwell’s novel is the party of Big Brother and its absolute power â€Å"we shall be utterly without power of any kind† this conveys a very controlling message towards all party members as they are totally evicted from freedom. Orwell uses three phases throughout the novel to give an impression of the sheer power and authority of Big brother â€Å"WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SALVERY, IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH† this is an irony used to show power towards th e party. One of the motifs of Nineteen Eighty-Four is the control of an individual’s thoughts and the governments’ surveillance of every party member.Telescreens are most prominently featured in the novel; they are devices that keep any one of its subjects under constant surveillance therefore eliminating any chance of secret conspiracies against Oceania. â€Å"It was terribly dangerous to let your thoughts wander†¦within range of a telescreen†¦the slightest thing could give you away†. The Party’s surveillance tactics and technology are so advanced that even the smallest expression could give you away. â€Å"thought crime does not entail death, thoughtcrime is death†. Orwell has written about thoughtcrime throughout the novel.It was illegal to hold any negative thought against the party at any time. This gives the reader a picture of how controlled an individual’s thoughts were and the surveillance of each and every thought. The Sh awshank Redemption directed by Frank Darabont provides a desolate view of a prison where the abuse of power is usual. The figure of the warden, who has the total power of all prisoners, is used to symbolize the corrupting effects of unrestrained power. He reminds each and every new prisoner that they have no protection from his absolute power, used in a frightening warning â€Å"your ass belongs to me. His corruption is emphasized through the lightening used by Darabont. Throughout the film he has him emerge from and retreat into darkness. Captain Hadley, the unusually harsh prison guard, routinely and casually breaches prisoners’ rights through violence, responding to a request made by a prisoner to make a complaint with â€Å"Youll be tellin’ the Warden with my baton up your ass†. The impact of the frequent beatings is emphasized by the loud sound affects of the blows landing on each hopeless victim. We see the distinctive dangers of a system where power is s trong in few but at the expense of many.The Shawshank Redemption is a film that deals with the institution of prison and the impact of its power on prisoners. â€Å"These walls are funny. First you hate them†¦ enough time passes, you get so you depend on them. That's institutionalized. †Ã‚  This creates an image that the prison walls are constraining as it authenticates that the prison has the power over the prisoners simultaneously becoming a false support for all inmates. Through the character Brooks we learn that he believes he cannot stand alone and needs the prison as a support. â€Å"Maybe I should rob the FoodWay so they’ll let me back home. This emphasizes the point that brooks depended so much on the prison and became an institutionalized man. The abuse of power can lead to corruption. We see the abuse of absolute power being used in the novel Nineteen Eighty-four and the film The Shawshank Redemption. Nineteen Eighty four demonstrates this through warni ngs against the dangers of a totalitarian society and The Shawshank Redemption provides us with a desolate view of a prison where the abuse of power is a regular occurrence. These texts show us that when power and authority has no restrictions it can lead to a corrupt populace.

Do you think the strategic Essay

Do you think the strategic use and display of emotions serve to protect employees, or does covering your true emotions at work lead to more problems than it solves? By farhanzscania As this chapter has shown, emotions are an inevitable part of people’s behavior at work. At the same time, it’s not entirely clear that we’ve reached a point where people feel comfortable expressing all emotions at work. The reason might be that business culture and etiquette remain poorly suited to handling overt emotional displays. The uestion is, can organizations become more intelligent about emotional management? Is it ever appropriate to yell, laugh, or cry at work? Some people are skeptical about the virtues of more emotional displays at the workplace. As the chapter notes, emotions are automatic physiological responses to the environment, and as such, they can be difficult to control appropriately. One 22- year-old customer service representative named Laura who was the subject of a case study noted that fear and anger were routinely used as methods to control employees, and employees eeply resented this use of emotions to manipulate them. In another case, the chairman of a major television network made a practice of screaming at employees whenever anything went wrong, leading to badly hurt feelings and a lack of loyalty to the organization. Like Laura, workers at this organization were hesitant to show their true reactions to these emotional outbursts for fear of being branded as â€Å"weak† or â€Å"ineffectual. † It might seem like these individuals worked in heavily emotional workplaces, but in fact, only a narrow range of emotions was deemed acceptable. Anger appears to be more acceptable than sadness in many organizations, and anger can have serious maladaptive consequences. Others believe organizations that recognize and work with emotions effectively are more creative, satisfying, and productive. For example, Laura noted that if she could express her hurt feelings without fear, she would be much more satisfied with her work. In other words, the problem with Laura’s organization is not that emotions are displayed, but that emotional displays are handled poorly. Others note that use of emotional knowledge, ike being able to read and understand the reactions of others, is crucial for workers ranging from salespeople and customer service agents all the way to managers and executives. One survey even found that 88% of workers feel being sensitive to the emotions of others is an asset. Management consultant Erika Anderson notes, â€Å"Crying at work is transformative and can open the door to change. † The question then is, â€Å"Can organizations take specific steps to become better at allowing emotional displays without opening a Pandora’s box of outbursts? â€Å"

Characteristics of Capabilities and Resources of Carrefour

All groups (5 students in a group) should read Case Study Carrefour, and elaborate the following issues related to the Case with justifiable theories. 1. Since 2004, Carrefour has been in a re-launching process, because of a growing competition both on a worldwide level and in many specific country markets. Conduct a SWOT analysis for the group and discuss critically the multi format approach in this context. 2. Conduct General environment analysis with justifiable theories. 3. Conduct Industry environment analysis with justifiable theories. . Discuss the characteristics of capabilities and resources of Carrefour. 5. Briefly explain the three types of international corporate-level strategies with some relevant theories and then discuss critically about Carrefour’s adopted international corporate-level strategy. 6. Discuss the level of diversification in Carrefour with referring to financial statement analysis. 7. Discuss the Relationship between customers and each of Carrefour ’s business level strategies (business formats) in terms of who, what and how? 8. Based on problem statement and your analysis, give suggestion how Carrefour can achieve competitive advantages and above average return or sustain competitive advantages and above average return. Justify your answer based on relevant theories. Page 1 of 1 Resource: 1. Sources used for this case study include the web sites http://www. carrefour. fr and http://www. carrefour. com , and various annual and interim reports, investor relations presentations as well as explicitly cited sources. SUBMISSION INFORMATION The assignment must be completed by week 10. Late submission will be penalized. Please type the assignment in Times Roman 11/ Ariel 10 font, with one and half (1. 5) spacing (save paper) with numbered pages – The assignment should not be more than 15 pages. The cover page template for the report is given below. ALL facts in the assignment must be substantiated except those that are obviously common knowledge. This necessarily requires that the source of information be cited. For example, if a statement is made that the local economy is likely to get better or worse over the next five years, then the report MUST indicate the source of this expectation. RULES AND REGULATIONS †¢ †¢ You are assigned to complete this assignment as a group. You must write the assignment based on real information. SPECIFIC INFORMATION This assignment will be group work. If you cannot find a group, I will assign you to one of my choice. All the members of a group are required to contribute equally. If the contribution of the members is considerably unequal, you can agree on a different weighting scheme that reflects the contributions of each member. Lacking agreement, you will be asked to provide me with the details of each member’s contribution in writing, and I will decide the weights. Page 2 of 2